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Lots of interesting abstracts and cases were submitted for TCTAP 2024. Below are the accepted ones after a thorough review by our official reviewers. Don¡¯t miss the opportunity to expand your knowledge and interact with authors as well as virtual participants by sharing your opinion in the comment section!

TCTAP C-041

"Cracking the Calcium Code": Strategies and Outcomes in Angioplasty for Coronary Lesions With High Calcium Burden

By Sharimila Shanmugam, David Yong, Amin Ariff Nuruddin

Presenter

Sharimila Shanmugam

Authors

Sharimila Shanmugam1, David Yong1, Amin Ariff Nuruddin1

Affiliation

National Heart Institute, Malaysia1,
View Study Report
TCTAP C-041
Coronary - Complex PCI - Calcified Lesion

"Cracking the Calcium Code": Strategies and Outcomes in Angioplasty for Coronary Lesions With High Calcium Burden

Sharimila Shanmugam1, David Yong1, Amin Ariff Nuruddin1

National Heart Institute, Malaysia1,

Clinical Information

Patient initials or Identifier Number

Relevant Clinical History and Physical Exam

A 67-year-old retired fireman, a smoker with chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, presented to a district hospital with chest pain and diaphoresis. ECG  ST elevation in II, III, AvF. Blood pressure measured at 165/96mmHg, Pulse rate 68. Cardiovascular examination revealed no murmurs. He was diagnosed with acute inferior myocardial infarction (Killip I) and was thrombolysed with Intravenous Streptokinase. Subsequently he was transferred to our center for further management.


Relevant Test Results Prior to Catheterization

Troponin I elevated at 890 Total cholesterol 3.9 LDL 2.3 HDL 0.96 Triglycerides 1.42 Hbaic 5.9%Creatinine 118 eGFR 55ml/min/1.73m2Echocardiogram shows Ejection fraction 40-45% with regional wall motion abnormalities at basal and mid inferior lateral wall, basal septal, mid anterior and basal anterior wall. TAPSE 2.1cm Normal Left and right atrium.

Relevant Catheterization Findings

Diagnostic coronary angiogram via right radial artery was performed with Terumo 6 Fr sheath and Opti-torque 5fr catheter. The findings revealed a normal Left Main Stem, severe proximal to mid calcified disease in the Left Anterior Descending artery, subtotal occlusion in the mid Left Circumflex Artery, and mild to moderate stenosis in the mid Right Coronary Artery, with moderate to severe disease in the Right Posterior Descending Artery.

Interventional Management

Procedural Step

Coronary angioplasty to the left system using an EBU 3.5/6Fr guiding catheter. Left circumflex artery stenosis was addressed using microcatheter Asahi Corsair135cm and Fielder XT wire then after exchanged to Run-through floppy. Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) was done.The lesion was pre dilated with Artimes SC2.0 x 15mm 12atm and Wedge NC 3.0 x 15mm 20atm. A drug-coated balloon, Agent Monorail 3.0 x 30mm deployed to the distal portion of the left circumflex artery for 60 seconds. A Drug Eluting Stent was deployed in the proximal to mid segment of the left circumflex artery, utilizing Cre8 3.0 x 26mm. The final step involved post-dilation using Apollo NC 3.5 x 12mm 12atm, ensuring optimal outcomes in the revascularization process.   Left anterior descending artery angioplasty where by (IVUS) was conducted prior to intervention, revealing a proximal reference of 4.5mm, a distal reference of4.0mm, and the tightest mid-area Minimum Lumen Area (MLA) at 2.75mm with 270 degree calcifications measuring 3.5mm. The lesion was predilated using Apollo NC3.5 x 12mm, followed by Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) delivery with a 3.5mm device. Post-IVUS was performed to assess the results. Subsequently, additional pre-dilation with Apollo NC 4.0 x 12mm preceded the deployment of a Synergy Megatron stent measuring 4.0 x 32mm. Post-dilated using Apollo NC balloonsat4.0 x 8mm and 4.5 x 8mm. A final IVUS evaluation confirmed well-apposed stent positioning with no stent edge dissection. TIMI III flow.


Case Summary

The case involved the successful application of Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) in treating calcified lesions during coronary angioplasty. Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) is crucial for treating calcified lesions in coronary angioplasty, where calcium deposits in the arteries pose challenges to effective intervention. Calcium in the arteries can lead to vessel narrowing, reducing compliance and complicating stent deployment. IVL is important in such cases as it utilizes sonic pressure waves to fracture and modify calcified plaques, allowing for improved vessel compliance and enhancing the success of angioplasty procedures.

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